|
IS
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Between A and K
The only
instances when A and K does influence each other is:
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Ă + ch
|
>
|
Ă
|
cch
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(ES-1a)
|
|
‘mā’ + ch
|
>
|
‘mā’
|
cch
|
(ES-1b)
|
|
‘ā’ + ch
|
>
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‘ā’
|
cch
|
(ES-1c)
|
Example:
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mā + chidaḥ
|
>
|
mā cchidaḥ (1b)
‘Do not cut!’
|
Otherwise
A and K never influence each other:
|
A + K
|
>
|
A
|
K
|
(ES-2)
|
|
K + A
|
>
|
K
|
A
|
(ES-3)
|
Between A
Similar A:
|
ā̆ + ā̆
|
>
|
ā
|
(ES-4)
|
|
ī̆ + ī̆
|
>
|
ī
|
(ES-5)
|
|
ū̆ + ū̆
|
>
|
ū
|
(ES-6)
|
Example:
|
na+ asti
|
>
|
nāsti (4)
‘It is not’
|
ā̆ ending first phonem:
|
ā̆ + (e,
ai)
|
|
|
>
|
ai
|
(ES-10)
|
|
ā̆ + (o,
au)
|
|
|
>
|
au
|
(ES-11)
|
Example:
|
sā+ uvāca
|
>
|
sovāca (8)
‘She said.’
|
Between dissimilar ī̆,
ū̆, ṝ̆ :
|
(ī̆ , ū̆ , ṝ̆ ) + ¬( ī̆ ,
ū̆ ,
ṝ̆ )A
|
>
|
(y, v, r)
|
A
|
(ES-12)
|
Example:
|
iti+ āha
|
>
|
ity āha (12)
‘Thus said.’
|
δA ending first phonem:
|
(e, o) + ¬aA
|
>
|
a
|
¬aA
|
(ES-13)
|
|
(e, o) + a
|
>
|
(e, o)
|
’
|
(ES-14)
|
|
ai + A
|
>
|
ā
|
A
|
(ES-15)
|
|
au + A
|
>
|
āv
|
A
|
(ES-16)
|
Example:
|
vane + āste
|
>
|
vana āste (12)
‘He sits in the
forest.’
|
|
te + āgatāḥ
|
>
|
ta āgatāḥ (12)
‘They came.’
|
Special rule for dualis:
|
ī ∨ ū ∨ e / DuE remains unchained before A and
effect no elision.
|
(ES-17)
|
Example:
|
bandhū + āsate+ imau
|
>
|
bandhū āsate imau (17)
‘These two friends
sit.’
|
Between K
No change unless one of the following rules
apply:
Stop ending first phonem:
|
¬OSi +
¬O
|
>
|
¬OSi
|
¬O
|
(ES-18)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
¬OSi +
O
|
>
|
OSi
|
O
|
(ES-19)
|
|
|
but,
|
|
|
|
|
|
¬OSi +h
|
>
|
OSi
|
HOi
|
(ES-20)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Si + N
|
>
|
Ni
|
N
|
(ES-21)
|
Examples:
|
vāk + vaḥ
|
>
|
vāg vaḥ (19)
‘Their speech.’
|
|
vāk + me
|
>
|
vāṅ me (21)
‘My speech.’
|
Final t ∨ n before Pl, Cb and l:
|
t + ś
|
>
|
c
|
c ∨ ch
|
(ES-22)
|
|
t + (ṣ, [H]c)
|
>
|
ṭ
|
(ṣ , [H]ṭ)
|
(ES-23)
|
|
t + l ∨ [H]ṭ
|
>
|
l
|
l
|
(ES-24)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
t+ [H]j
|
>
|
j
|
[H]j
|
(ES-25)
|
|
t+ [H]ḍ
|
>
|
ḍ
|
[H]ḍ
|
(ES-26)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n + [H]c
|
>
|
ṃś
|
[H]c
|
(ES-27)
|
|
n + [H]ṭ
|
>
|
ṃṣ
|
[H]ṭ
|
(ES-28)
|
|
n + [H]t
|
>
|
ṃs
|
[H]t
|
(ES-29)
|
|
n + l
|
>
|
ṃl
|
l
|
(ES-30)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n + [H]j
|
>
|
ñ
|
[H]j
|
(ES-31)
|
|
n + [H]ḍ
|
>
|
ṇ
|
[H]ḍ
|
(ES-32)
|
|
n + ś
|
>
|
ñ
|
ch ∨ ś
|
(ES-33)
|
Example:
|
kasmin + cit+ nagare
|
>
|
kasmiṃś cin nagare (27 & 21)
‘In some town.’
|
|
tat + śrutvā
|
>
|
tac śrutvā (22)
‘That was heard.’
|
Labial
ending first phonem:
|
m + A
|
>
|
m
|
A
|
(ES-34)
|
|
m + K
|
>
|
ṃ
|
K
|
(ES-35)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ìmNi +
A
|
>
|
ĂNiNi
|
A
|
(ES-36)
|
Examples:
|
san + atra
|
>
|
sann atra (36)
‘Being here.’
|
|
udyan + ādityaḥ
|
|
udyann ādityaḥ (36)
‘The sun rises.’
|
Sibilant ending first phonem:
|
ḥ∨ r + ¬OSi
|
>
|
Śi
|
¬OSi
|
(ES-37)
|
|
ḥ∨ r + Ś
|
>
|
ḥ
|
Ś
|
(ES-38)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
¬ā̆ ḥ ∨ r + ¬rO
|
>
|
r
|
¬rO
|
(ES-39)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
āḥ + O
|
>
|
ā
|
O
|
(ES-40)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
aḥ + OK
|
>
|
o
|
OK
|
(ES-41)
|
|
aḥ + ¬aV
|
>
|
a
|
¬aV
|
(ES-42)
|
|
aḥ + a
|
>
|
o
|
’
|
(ES-43)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a, I, u) (ḥ ∨ r) + r
|
>
|
(ā, ī, ū)
|
r
|
(ES-44)
|
|
¬(a, i, u) (ḥ∨ r) + r
|
>
|
|
r
|
(ES-45)
|
Examples:
|
saḥ + api+ atra
|
>
|
so ’py atra (43 & 12)
‘He here.’
|
|
punar + ramate
|
>
|
punā ramate (44)
‘He is pleased again.’
|
|
|
