Contents

Conjugation

Prim

C

Ds

Int

Den

Higher

 

Augment

Reduplication

- overview -

There are in CS:

3 numbers (sg, du, pl)

3 persons (1, 2, 3)

3 voices (P, Ā, Ps)

3 modes (Ind, Imp, Opt)

5 tenses (Pr, Impf, Fu, Ao, Pf)

 

There are 5 main conjugation systems:

1) the primary system (Prim)

2) the causative system (C)

3) the desiderative system (Ds)

4) the intensive system (Int)

5) the denominative system (Den)

 

Besides these, there is also a few the higher order conjugations

 

All verbs take all persons and number except in a few singular exceptions

 

Not all of the voices, modes and tenses are allowed in these systems. The following tables sumarizes the situation.

 

Notation:

: formed from the root

X : formed via verb classes I - X

() : no full Paradigm are found, but occasional forms are

S : formed from a noun-stem

Primary conjugation system

 

 

P

 

 

Ā

 

 

Ps

 

 

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Pr

X

X

X

X

X

X

Impf

X

 

 

X

 

 

 

 

Fu

()

()

1

()

()

 

 

Ao

 

2

1

 

2

3

 

 

Pf

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 Ā used in a Ps sense (esp. Pf)

2 Prec

3 only 3/sg

 

Causative conjugation system

 

 

 

P

 

 

Ā

 

 

Ps

 

 

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Pr

Impf

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fu

()

()

()

()

 

 

 

Ao

1

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

Pf

2

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 RAo

2 Periphrastic

 

Desiderative conjugation system

 

 

 

P

 

 

Ā

 

 

Ps

 

 

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Pr

Impf

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ao

1

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

Pf

2

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

1-iṣ- Ao

2 Periphrastic

 

Intensive conjugation system

 

 

 

P

 

 

Ā

 

 

Ps

 

 

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Pr

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ao

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Denominative conjugation system

 

 

 

P

 

 

Ā

 

 

Ps

 

 

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Ind

Imp

Opt

Pr

S

S

S

S

S

S

 

 

 

Impf

S

 

 

S

 

 

 

 

 

Fu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ao

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pf