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Reduplication (R)

R is the process of puting a with some changes before itself and it occurs in IIIPr, RAo, Pf, Ds and Int.

 

Notation

As usual,

= [1K] A[2K]

and,

R

reduplicated root,

RK

consonant in the reduplicated root,

RA

vowel of the reduplicated root,

1:1K

the first K of 1K,

2:1K

the second K of 1K

 

Two -forms has to be noted:

 

= 1K A[2K]

 

R = RK RA 1K A[2K].

(1)

 

= A[2K]

 

R = RA RK A[2K].

(2)

 

RK

= 1K A[2K]

1K = Ś¬O:2:1K

>

*RK = 2:1K

(3)

1K = Vl: 1:1Ki K

>

*RK = Pl:1:1Ki

(4)

otherwise,

 

*RK = 1:1K

(5)

 

*RK = HKi

>

RK = ¬HKi

(6)

otherwise,

 

RK = *RK

(7)

 

= A[2K]

Except for a few in Ds and two in Int (i, S = īyāya; , S = alar ) this commonly occurs only in Pf.

 

RK =

(8)

 

 

III:RA

RK

III:RA is formed as:

A = ṝ̆

>

III:RA = i

(9)

otherwise,

 

III:RA = Ă

(10)

 

 

Ao:RA

RK

Ao:RA is formed as:

A = ū̆

>

Ao:RA = ū

(11)

otherwise,

 

Ao:RA = ī

(12)

 

A is shortened so that RA 1K is prodically long and A[2K] short ( )

(13)

 

 

Pf:RA

RK

= 1K A[2K]

A = ṝ̆

>

Pf:RA = a

(14)

= 1K δA

>

Pf:RA = a

(15)

otherwise,

 

Pf:RA = Ă

(16)

 

= A[2K]

which are prodically long use the periphrastic Pf or:

(17)

= a σK

>

RS = ā σK

(18a)

= a δK

>

RS = ān δK

(18b)

= i σK

>

W:RS = ī σK

(19a)

 

 

S:RS = iye σK

(19b)

= u σK

>

W:RS = ū σK

(20a)

 

 

S:RS = uvo σK

(20b)

= σK

>

RS = ān σK

(21)

 

 

Ds:RA

RK

Ds:RA is formed as:

A = ū̆ (Ds-5)

>

Ds:RA = u

(22)

otherwise,

 

Ds:RA = i

(23)

 

 

Int:RA

RK

A = ā̆ ṝ̆

>

Int:RA = ā

(24)

A = ī̆

>

Int:RA = e

(25)

A = ū̆

>

Int:RA = o

(26)

 

Examples

 

R-stems

 

 

 

 

 

IIIPr

RAo

Pf

Ds

Int

‘give’

dadā°

adīda°

dadā°

didā°

dādā°

hu ‘sacrifice’

juho°

ajūha°

juhā°

juhū°

johav°

bhū ‘become’

-

abībha°

babhū°

bubhū°

bobhav°

budh ‘awaken’

-

abūbudh°

bubudh°

bibādh°

bābadh

jñā ‘know’

-

-

jajñā°

jijñā°

jājñā°

kṛ ‘do’

-

acīkar°

cakār°

cikīr°

(karikṛ°)