Contents

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√ 1 kṛ (skṛ), “make”

√ kūrd

√ 1 kṛ (skṛ)

√ 2 kṛ, kir

Present

I. karanti etc. RV. kurmi E. kṛṣe (1s.) RV¹

II. kárṣi AV¹., kṛthás kṛtha kṛṣé RV

V. kṛṇóti kṛṇuté etc. V.B.S

VIII. karóti kuruté etc. RV³.AV.+

Passive

kriyáte etc. V.+

Future

Simple Future: kariṣyati etc. V.+,-te etc. B.C. (akariṣyat etc. B.+)

Periphrastic Future: kartā S.+

Aorist

√-Ao: ákaram ádar ákran etc. akri ákṛta ákrata etc. V.B.S. (kárati -te etc. V.B.S., kriyāma RV., kriyāsam -āsma V.B.S., kṛdhí etc. V.+, kṛṣvá etc. RV., kránt krāṇá RV.; kránta RV.; akat ŚB.); ákāri V.+

Th Ao: ákarat etc. AV.B.S

^RAo: acīkarat C

-s-Ao: akārṣīt etc. B.+, akṛṣi etc. B.C

Perfect

cakā́ra cakré etc. (cakártha cakṛṣé etc.) V.+ (cakriyās acakrat etc. acakriran RV.)

Causative

kārayati -te etc. B.+ (kāryate etc. B.; cikārayiṣa- in d.)

Intensive

karikṛ- carikṛ- V.B

Desiderative

cíkīrṣati etc. AV.+,-te etc. S.+ (acikīrṣīs ŚB.; cikīrṣayati C.)

Verbal Nouns

PPP: kṛtá V.+; Inf: kártum AV.+,-tave V.B.,-tavaí B.S.,-tos V.B.S.; ¹Abs: kṛtvā́ AV.+,-tvī́ V.B.,-tvā́ya B.; ²Abs: -kṛ́tya V.+;-kā́ram B.+

Derivatives

The root-form skṛ is found especially after sam and pari; but also the aor. nír askṛta RV., and PPP upaskṛta E.+ In V. occur only saṃskṛta and pariṣkṛta RV.AV., and pariṣkṛṇvánti and-vánt RV. (against sám akṛṇvan etc. RV.). But from B. on, forms with sk after sam are frequent, almost to the exclusion of those with simple k; even such as sam askurvata, saṃ caskāra, saṃ skariṣyanti, saṃskārayām āsa, saṃciṣkārayiṣu. Of the derivatives, there are found with saṃ only: skaraṇa S.+, skartavya C., skartṛ E.+, skāraka E.+, skārya E.+, skṛti B.+; also skriyā with saṃ C. and pari C.; skāra with saṃ S.+, pari E.+, and upa C.; and skara with apa C., upa E.+, pari E., and vi ( ?) E.+; finally, ā́skra RV., which is doubtful.

Meanings

(skṛ), kṛṇóti, kṛṇuté, karóti, kurute (karati & karti), PPP kṛtá (q.v.) make, do, cause or produce anything in or on one's self or others; absol. act, work; bring or help to (D); get or procure for (G), Ā for one's self; make or begin something (A, esp. kim) with something (I); make something (A) of something (I or Ab); make (into), render 2A or A & Adj or Adv in ī, ū – With the A of an abstrans. kṛ answers to a verb of kindred mng, e.g. w. praveśam = enter, w. maraṇam die, w. rājyam reign; esp. in the periphr. Pf, e.g. vidāṃ cakāra he knew. We often use a more special verb, e.g. perform or offer (yajñam), prepare or till (kṣetram), fix (samayam), wait (kṣaṇam), utter (vācam or śabdam), exert (vīryam), show, betray, feel (kṛpām, bhāvam, sneham), enjoy (sukham), marry (dārān), violate, dishonour (kanyām) etc ; put, set in or on (pāṇau, skandhe), take to (hṛdi); ponder, deliberate (cetasi, manasi, hṛdaye), turn, direct (manas, w. L), call, name (nāmnā) etc. Note also dvidhā kṛ divide into two, bhasmasāt reduce to ashes, tṛṇavat value like straw. For other phrases cf. the corr. Adj or Adv Caus. kārayate cause to act or do (2A or A of th. & I of pers.), have something put in (L), also = S. Des cíkīrṣati, the wish to act or do.

Int karikrati (3 pl.) do repeatedly.

adhi put before or over, place at the head, appoint to (L); make a thing the chief matter or main point; be entitled to (P w. L, Ā w. A or Inf).

anu do afterwards, imitate, equal (A or G).

apa put off, remove; injure, offend, do wrong (A, L or G).

abhi do in behalf of (A); effect, make.

ā bring or call near; bring about, perform, prepare; serve a god (G), sacrifice. Caus. call near; ask for (2A). apā keep off, remove, pay (a debt); reject, desist. udā expel, select. upā bring near, fetch; grant, present; acquire, get; invite, prepare, undertake, begin (r.). nirā separate, select; push, away, keep off, reject, destroy; refuse, contradict. vyā divide, separate from (I), analyse, explain. samā bring together, collect, unite; make ready, prepare. is (=nis) arrange, make ready, prepare.

upa bring near, impart, grant, offer, render a service (G or L of pers.); further, support; w. skṛ Ā prepare, cultivate (land), adorn. enchase; think of, care for (A or *G); deform, corrupt. pratyupa return a service. tiras put aside, remove, cover, conceal; cut out, supplant, surpass; contemn, despise, blame, abuse.

ni bring down, humiliate. vini wrong, injure, offend.

nis bring forth from (Ab); drive away (also w. skṛ), dispel, exclude; accomplish, arrange, settle, prepare, bring together; restore, requite.

pari prepare (food); w. skṛ make ready, fit out, adorn. puras put before or at the head, place in front, introduce, appoint to (L); show, betray.

pra perform, effect, cause, make, render (2A); take, marry; appoint to (L); undo, destroy, kill; violate, deflower; Ā induce, move, cause to do; direct or turn (manas, buddhim) upon (D L). resolve; gain, acquire, effect; put before, mention. vipra hurt, wrong, injure, disappoint (caus. the same*).

prati do against, return, repay, revenge (A of th., G, D, L of pers.); counteract, withstand (P of th. and G of pers.); restore, requite, repay. Des wish to requite or revenge (A of th., A or L of pers.).

vi make different, change, alter, divide. detail, specify; deform, spoil, destroy; develop, produce; Ā (P.) become different, alter, become hostile, unkind, or faithless (w. G or L); contend, fight.

sam (kṛ & skṛ) put together, join, compose, prepare, arrange; consecrate, invest, initiate, marry; refine, embellish, adorn. abhisam (skṛ) arrange, perform. Ā render (2A); consecrate, dedicate. upasam (skṛ) prepare, adorn. pratisam restore, repair.

Cf. adhikṛta, adhikṛtya, upaskṛta, nikṛta, pariṣkṛta, puraskṛta, puraskṛtya, prakṛta, víkṛta, saṃskṛta.

Copyright © 2005 Lennart Warnemyr