Contents

Passive (Ps)

Paradigm:

bhū

‘become’

PsS = bhūya

(cf. PrS = bhava)

Pr/Impf

PsS = Ps ya

(1)

PsE = I/ĀE

(2)

 

Ps = W, but A is changed as:

(i, u)

>

(ī, ū)

(3)

σK

>

σKri

(4)

δK

>

δKar

(5)

¬LbK

>

¬LbKīr

(6)

LbK

>

LbKūr

(7)

ā δA

ī

(8)

 

Note:

hve ‘call’

PsS = hūya

(9)

 

with X: aya + ya > aya

(10)

 

 

 

 

 

Pr

 

Impf

 

Ind

Imp

Opt

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/sg/Ps

Ps ye

Ps yai

Ps ye ya

a Ps ye

2

Ps ya se

Ps ya sva

Ps ye thāḥ

a Ps ya thāḥ

3

Ps ya te

Ps ya tām

Ps ye ta

a Ps ya ta

1/du

Ps yā vahe

Ps yā vahai

Ps ye vahi

a Ps yā vahi

2

Ps ye the

Ps ye thām

Ps ye yāthām

a Ps ye thām

3

Ps ye te

Ps ye tām

Ps ye yātām

a Ps ye tām

1/pl

Ps yā mahe

Ps yā mahai

Ps ye mahi

a Ps yā mahi

2

Ps ya dhve

Ps ya dhvam

Ps ye dhvam

a Ps ya dhvam

3

Ps ya nte

Ps ya ntām

Ps ye ran

a Ps ya nta

 

Ao

See Ao.

 

Fu/Pf and remaining forms

Ā is used with Ps meaning.