Contents

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√ 2 rudh, “obstruct”

√ 1 rudh

√ 2 rudh

√ rup

Present

I. rodhati E

II. rudhmas AV

VI ? rundhati -te etc. B.+

VII. ruṇáddhi rundhanti runddhé rundhate etc. V.+

Passive

rudhyáte etc. V.+,-ti etc. E.+

Future

Simple Future: rotsyati -te etc. B.+

Periphrastic Future: roddhā

Aorist

√-Ao: arodham RV., arudhma MS. (rudhánt ? RV.)

Th Ao: arudhat etc. V.+

RAo: arūrudhat

-s-Ao: arautsīt etc. B.+ (araut AV., rotsīs U.), arutsi aruddha etc. B.U. (arautsi AB.)

Precative: rudhyāt C.

Ao/Ps/3/sg: arodhi

Perfect

rurodha rurudhe etc. V.+ (rurodhitha RV., rurundhatus E.)

Causative

rodhayati -te etc. E.+ (rodhyate E.); rundhayati E

Desiderative

rurutsate etc. B.,-ti E. (-syamāna ? B.S.)

Intensive

rorudhas E

Verbal Nouns

PPP: ruddhá V.+; Inf: roddhum E.+,-dhos B., rodhitum E.; 1Abs: ruddhvā E.+; 2Abs: -rúdhya V.+,-rundhya E.;-rúdham AV.B.,-rúndham B.;-ródham B

Derivatives

-rudh V.+

 

rodhaka . E.+

 

ródhana V.+

 

-ruddhi B.

 

-rudha RV.

 

rodhin S.+

 

rodhanā́ RV.

 

roddhavya E.+

 

ródha V.+

 

rodhya E.+

 

ródhas V.+

 

roddhṛ B.+

 

 

 

 

 

-ródhuka B.

 

rurutsu C.

 

 

Meanings

ruṇáddhi runddhé (rundhati) (ruṇáddhi) (runddhé) (rundhate) (rodhati) v PPP ruddha 2 obstruct, hold back, keep off, hinder, suppress, shut up, close, stop or fill up, besiege, invest, cover, veil. Caus. rodhayati, te hold back, stop, cause to be confined or besieged by (2A or A & I).

 

anu obstruct (a way), hem in, surround; fetter, master, govern; follow immediately (A); mostly P. rudhyate (ti) cleave or cling to, be devoted to, intent upon, engaged in (A); conform one's self to, have a regard for (A).

apa keep or ward off, remove, expel or exclude from (Ab).

ava hold back, keep away from (2A), hold fast, confine in, shut up (L, r. A); obstruct, hinder; surround, besiege; cover, veil; remove, expel from (Ab); cling or be devoted to (A). Ā hold, contain; get, attain. samava shut up, confine; get, attain; P. be contained in (L).

ā shut up, confine, invest, surround, besiege; ward off, expel drive away.

upa the same, drive in (cattle); keep back, retain; molest, pain, harass, trouble, disturb, prevent; menace, compromise; cover, veil.

ni hold back or fast, stop, overtake, check, restrain, obstruct, hinder, shut up, confine. saṃni hold back or fast, shut up, confine, check, restrain, suppress; stuff, fill.

pari shutup, confine, keep back.

pra hold back, obstruct, hinder.

prati hold back, resist, disturb, trouble, shut up, confine; veil, cover.

vi hinder, obstruct, restrain, suppress, surround, besiege, confine, shut up; Ā be opposed by (I); P. virudhyate (ti) be opposed or contrary to (I); disagree, contend or fight with (I saha, G, L, or prati). Caus. render hostile, disunite, exasperate.

sam drive in (cattle), confine, keep prisoner, invest, besiege, hold back, stop, detain, hold fast, fetter, withhold, refuse; veil, cover.

Cf. ávaruddha (add.), uparuddha, niruddha, viruddha, saṃruddha.

 

 

 

 

Copyright © 2005 Lennart Warnemyr